human il 6 elisa duoset kit  (R&D Systems)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: PM2.5 toxin benzo[a]pyrene induces life-limiting inflammation and oxidative stress in the airway by up-regulation of TRPC6 and inactivation of β2AR/CFTR signaling

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.21.719931

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Cell viability was assessed with the MTT assay and data shown are means ± SD (n = 3). ( b ) TNFα, IL-6 and IL-8 expression in response to B[a]P exposure. ( c ) Representative Western blot images showing protein expression. All data were obtained from three independent experiments. Statistical p values were determined by a one-way ANOVA, followed by a Tukey post-hoc test comparing the B[a]P treatments to the DMSO control; * p < 0.05; ¥, p < 0.01; NS, no significance.

Article Snippet: Benzo[a]pyrene, PM 2.5 (ERMCZ110), CFTR inh -172, IBMX, amiloride, Forskolin, MG-132, L-glutathione, and Millipore Immobilon Western (Sigma-Aldrich); BI 749327, LY 294002, and LY 303511 (Cayman Chemical); MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide; EZ-LinkTM Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin, CellROX green reagent, Dynabeads Protein G, Pierce Streptavidin magnetic beads, HaltTM protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (Thermo Fisher) ; Fluo-4 AM and Probenecid (Invitrogen); Human IL-8/CXCL8 DuoSet® ELISA kit, Human IL-6 ELISA DuoSet® kit, and Human TNF-alpha DuoSet® ELISA (R&D Systems); Ferret IL-6 ELISA kit (Genorise, PA, USA); Pneumacult-ALI media kit and Pneumacult-EX Plus Basal media kit (Stemcell); and Gibco MEM (Thermo Fisher).

Techniques: MTT Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: PM2.5 toxin benzo[a]pyrene induces life-limiting inflammation and oxidative stress in the airway by up-regulation of TRPC6 and inactivation of β2AR/CFTR signaling

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.21.719931

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cells were treated with various concentrations of PM2.5 for 24 hr. ( a ) Cell viability was assessed with MTT assay. ( b ) IL-6 and IL-8 from the basolateral sides. ( c ) Representative Western blot images showing CFTR, β2AR, phospho-AKT (Ser473), AKT, phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536), NF-κB p65, and TRPC6 expression. All data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 4). Statistical p values were determined with a one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post-hoc test comparing the B[a]P or PM 2.5 treatments to the DMSO control; *, p < 0.05; ¥, p < 0.01; NS, no significance.

Article Snippet: Benzo[a]pyrene, PM 2.5 (ERMCZ110), CFTR inh -172, IBMX, amiloride, Forskolin, MG-132, L-glutathione, and Millipore Immobilon Western (Sigma-Aldrich); BI 749327, LY 294002, and LY 303511 (Cayman Chemical); MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide; EZ-LinkTM Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin, CellROX green reagent, Dynabeads Protein G, Pierce Streptavidin magnetic beads, HaltTM protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (Thermo Fisher) ; Fluo-4 AM and Probenecid (Invitrogen); Human IL-8/CXCL8 DuoSet® ELISA kit, Human IL-6 ELISA DuoSet® kit, and Human TNF-alpha DuoSet® ELISA (R&D Systems); Ferret IL-6 ELISA kit (Genorise, PA, USA); Pneumacult-ALI media kit and Pneumacult-EX Plus Basal media kit (Stemcell); and Gibco MEM (Thermo Fisher).

Techniques: MTT Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: PM2.5 toxin benzo[a]pyrene induces life-limiting inflammation and oxidative stress in the airway by up-regulation of TRPC6 and inactivation of β2AR/CFTR signaling

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.21.719931

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) IL-6 and IL-8 from the basolateral sides of the ALI were determined using the DuoSet® ELISA kits. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 4). Statistical p -values were determined with a one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post-hoc test comparing the all treatments to the DMSO control; ¥, p < 0.05; *, p < 0.01. ( b ) Representative Western blot images showing CFTR, phospho-AKT (Ser473), AKT, phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536), and NF-κB p65 expression in treated polarized 16HBE14o-cells in ( a ). All data were obtained from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Benzo[a]pyrene, PM 2.5 (ERMCZ110), CFTR inh -172, IBMX, amiloride, Forskolin, MG-132, L-glutathione, and Millipore Immobilon Western (Sigma-Aldrich); BI 749327, LY 294002, and LY 303511 (Cayman Chemical); MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide; EZ-LinkTM Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin, CellROX green reagent, Dynabeads Protein G, Pierce Streptavidin magnetic beads, HaltTM protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (Thermo Fisher) ; Fluo-4 AM and Probenecid (Invitrogen); Human IL-8/CXCL8 DuoSet® ELISA kit, Human IL-6 ELISA DuoSet® kit, and Human TNF-alpha DuoSet® ELISA (R&D Systems); Ferret IL-6 ELISA kit (Genorise, PA, USA); Pneumacult-ALI media kit and Pneumacult-EX Plus Basal media kit (Stemcell); and Gibco MEM (Thermo Fisher).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: PM2.5 toxin benzo[a]pyrene induces life-limiting inflammation and oxidative stress in the airway by up-regulation of TRPC6 and inactivation of β2AR/CFTR signaling

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.21.719931

Figure Lengend Snippet: ALI cells were treated with DMSO, 100 ng/mL PM 2.5, 10 µM LY 294002 ± PM 2.5, or 10 µM LY 303511 ± PM 2.5 for 24 hrs. ( a ) IL-6 and IL-8 from the basolateral sides were determined using the DuoSet® ELISA kits. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n=3). Statistical p values were determined with a one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post-hoc test comparing all treatments to the DMSO control, or PM 2.5 to PM 2.5 ± LY 294002 or LY 303511; *, p < 0.01. ( b ) Representative Western blot images showing CFTR and β-actin expression. β-actin was used to ensure equal loading of protein. All data were obtained from three independent experiments, and each experiment was analyzed in duplication.

Article Snippet: Benzo[a]pyrene, PM 2.5 (ERMCZ110), CFTR inh -172, IBMX, amiloride, Forskolin, MG-132, L-glutathione, and Millipore Immobilon Western (Sigma-Aldrich); BI 749327, LY 294002, and LY 303511 (Cayman Chemical); MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide; EZ-LinkTM Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin, CellROX green reagent, Dynabeads Protein G, Pierce Streptavidin magnetic beads, HaltTM protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (Thermo Fisher) ; Fluo-4 AM and Probenecid (Invitrogen); Human IL-8/CXCL8 DuoSet® ELISA kit, Human IL-6 ELISA DuoSet® kit, and Human TNF-alpha DuoSet® ELISA (R&D Systems); Ferret IL-6 ELISA kit (Genorise, PA, USA); Pneumacult-ALI media kit and Pneumacult-EX Plus Basal media kit (Stemcell); and Gibco MEM (Thermo Fisher).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: PM2.5 toxin benzo[a]pyrene induces life-limiting inflammation and oxidative stress in the airway by up-regulation of TRPC6 and inactivation of β2AR/CFTR signaling

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.21.719931

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) The lung parenchyma from two ferrets were sliced into several sections as shown. Arrows indicate the tracheobronchial tubes. All tissue sections were incubating with DMSO (control), 10 µM B[a]P, or 100 ng/mL PM 2.5 in Pneumacult-EX Plus Basal media for 24 hrs. ( b ) IL 6 secretion was determined using the ferret ELISA kit. Data represent the mean of 6 independent sections. Statistical p values were determined with a one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post-hoc test comparing the B[a]P or PM 2.5 treatments to the DMSO control; ¥, p < 0.05 (n = 6). ( c ) Representative western blotting images show reduction of CFTR, and β2AR and elevation of TRPC6 expression in explants under these treatments.

Article Snippet: Benzo[a]pyrene, PM 2.5 (ERMCZ110), CFTR inh -172, IBMX, amiloride, Forskolin, MG-132, L-glutathione, and Millipore Immobilon Western (Sigma-Aldrich); BI 749327, LY 294002, and LY 303511 (Cayman Chemical); MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide; EZ-LinkTM Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin, CellROX green reagent, Dynabeads Protein G, Pierce Streptavidin magnetic beads, HaltTM protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (Thermo Fisher) ; Fluo-4 AM and Probenecid (Invitrogen); Human IL-8/CXCL8 DuoSet® ELISA kit, Human IL-6 ELISA DuoSet® kit, and Human TNF-alpha DuoSet® ELISA (R&D Systems); Ferret IL-6 ELISA kit (Genorise, PA, USA); Pneumacult-ALI media kit and Pneumacult-EX Plus Basal media kit (Stemcell); and Gibco MEM (Thermo Fisher).

Techniques: Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: Nature chemical biology

Article Title: A druggable redox switch on SHP1 controls macrophage inflammation

doi: 10.1038/s41589-026-02163-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , LPS-induced (100 ng/ml) IκBα degradation and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in iBMDMs following 3 h pre-incubation with DMSO or SCA derivatives at the indicated concentrations. Immunoblots shown are representative of three independent experiments. b , Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and TNF levels in cell supernatants of iBMDMs pre-incubated 3 h with SCA1, SCA1-NC or the respective derivatives over a dose response (0.313–80 μM) followed by 6 h LPS stimulation (100 ng/ml). Normalized percent cytokine production as a function of concentration are used to calculate IC 50 values. c , Percent reversible oxidation of SHP1 cysteines in CD14+CD16- monocytes of healthy donors ( n = 6) and rheumatoid (RA) ( n = 2) and multiple sclerosis (MS) ( n = 4) patients derived PBMCs. Data are mean ± s.e.m. P values calculated using two-way ANOVA for multiple comparisons.

Article Snippet: For RA and MS patients ELISA assays, monocytes were plated in U-shaped-bottom 96-well plates (Fisherbrand, # FB012932 ) at 0.8×10 6 /ml and treated with 20 μM SCA1, SCA9, SCA7 or SCA25 for 3 h, followed by LPS stimulation (100 ng/ml) for 6 h. Cells were then pelleted at 500 g for 5 min, and TNF and IL-6 cytokine levels in the supernatants were quantified using human TNF or IL-6 DuoSet ELISA kits (R&D Systems, #DY210 or #DY206) according to manufacturer’s protocols.

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Incubation, Western Blot, Concentration Assay, Derivative Assay

Journal: Nature chemical biology

Article Title: A druggable redox switch on SHP1 controls macrophage inflammation

doi: 10.1038/s41589-026-02163-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: a, LPS-induced (100 ng/ml) SHP1 Tyr536, Tyr564 and Ser591 phosphorylation in iBMDMs over a time course of 2 h in iBMDMs pre-treated with DMSO or SCA1 (50 μM) for 3 h. Immunoblots shown are representative of three independent experiments. b , LPS-induced (100 ng/ml) STAT3 Tyr705 and Ser727 phosphorylation in iBMDMs over a time course of 2 h in iBMDMs pre-treated with DMSO or SCA1 (50 μM) for 3 h. Immunoblots shown are representative of three independent experiments. c,e,f , Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and TNF levels in cell supernatants of iBMDMs pre-incubated 3 h with SCA1, SCA1-NC or the respective derivatives over a dose response (0.313–80 μM) followed by 6 h LPS stimulation (100 ng/ml) ( n = 4). For measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β levels in cell supernatants, iBMDMs were pre-treated with LPS (100 ng/ml) for 3 h followed by treatment with DMSO or SCA9 at the indicated concentrations for 45 min and primed with adenosine triphosphate (ATP, 5 mM) for 45 min ( n = 3). Absolute cytokine production as a function of concentration is used to calculate IC 50 values. d , Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and TNF levels in cell supernatants of iBMDMs treated 3 h with SCA1 (20 μM) alone or 6 h with LPS (100 ng/ml) alone ( n = 3). g, Phagocytic activity of iBMDMs pre-treated 3 h with SCA1, SCA9, SCA7 or SCA25 (10 μM) followed by 6 h LPS stimulation (100 ng/ml) ( n = 6). h, Relative fold changes in protein abundance between iBMDMs treated with SCA1 (50 μM) for 3 h followed by LPS (100 ng/ml, 15 min) versus LPS alone ( n = 3). Data are mean ± s.e.m. (in d,h ) or s.d. (in c,e-g ). P values calculated using one-way or two-way ANOVA for multiple comparisons or two-tailed Student’s t -tests for unpaired comparisons.

Article Snippet: For RA and MS patients ELISA assays, monocytes were plated in U-shaped-bottom 96-well plates (Fisherbrand, # FB012932 ) at 0.8×10 6 /ml and treated with 20 μM SCA1, SCA9, SCA7 or SCA25 for 3 h, followed by LPS stimulation (100 ng/ml) for 6 h. Cells were then pelleted at 500 g for 5 min, and TNF and IL-6 cytokine levels in the supernatants were quantified using human TNF or IL-6 DuoSet ELISA kits (R&D Systems, #DY210 or #DY206) according to manufacturer’s protocols.

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Incubation, Concentration Assay, Activity Assay, Quantitative Proteomics, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Nature chemical biology

Article Title: A druggable redox switch on SHP1 controls macrophage inflammation

doi: 10.1038/s41589-026-02163-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Gating strategy for flow cytometry analysis of healthy donors or RA and MS patients PBMCs isolated monocytes using CD45, CD14 and CD16 staining ( n = 3 for each healthy and patient group). b , Percentage of CD45+CD14+CD16- monocyte population of interest ( n = 3 for each healthy and patient group). c , Pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF, IL-6 and IL-1β levels in cell supernatants of healthy donors and RA and MS patients monocytes pre-incubated 3 h with SCA1, SCA9, SCA7 and SCA25 (20 μM) followed by 6 h LPS stimulation (100 ng/ml) ( n = 3 for each healthy and patient group). For measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β levels in cell supernatants, cells were additionally treated with adenosine triphosphate (ATP, 5 mM) for 45 min following LPS treatment. Data are mean ± s.e.m. P values calculated using two-tailed Student’s t -test for unpaired comparison or two-way ANOVA for multiple comparisons.

Article Snippet: For RA and MS patients ELISA assays, monocytes were plated in U-shaped-bottom 96-well plates (Fisherbrand, # FB012932 ) at 0.8×10 6 /ml and treated with 20 μM SCA1, SCA9, SCA7 or SCA25 for 3 h, followed by LPS stimulation (100 ng/ml) for 6 h. Cells were then pelleted at 500 g for 5 min, and TNF and IL-6 cytokine levels in the supernatants were quantified using human TNF or IL-6 DuoSet ELISA kits (R&D Systems, #DY210 or #DY206) according to manufacturer’s protocols.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Isolation, Staining, Incubation, Two Tailed Test, Comparison